It has been currently estimated that one half the world’s population now lives in urban areas. Further, virtually all of the world’s population growth between 2000 and 2030 is expected to be absorbed by urban areas (UN 1999). These trends have implications for the nature and distribution of world poverty, which is becoming an increasingly urban phenomenon. It has been suggested that in the light of urbanization the access of urban populations to food, in terms of both availability and affordability, will be crucial to the future sustainability and political stability of cites in the developing world (Binns and Lynch 1998). Food security is one dimension of urban poverty, others include income, living conditions, health and education (World Bank 2001). International donors and development agencies have pledged to reduce world wide poverty, and it is against the backdrop of urbanization and urban poverty that the literature on urban livestock keeping is reviewed.